Radical Feminists - This type of feminism sees the cause of women’s oppression as men. It assumes that men deliberately exploit women as this benefits them. One of the main aims of this theory is to address concerns over violence against women, especially in
sexual relationships.
Marxist Feminists - This feminist approach looks at women’s oppression in relation to capitalism and the class system. One of the aims of this type of feminism is to look at the role of domestic labour within capitalism, namely that women work in the home for ‘free’, and the role women play in producing the next generation of the labour force.
Black Feminists - This approach is primarily concerned with black and Asian women’s experiences of oppression and exploitation. It combines ideas about capitalism, patriarchy and anti-racism.
Liberal Feminists - This type of feminism is mainly concerned with gender socialisation in order to show that gender roles are not biologically determined. The main aim of this type of feminism is to change the ways children are socialised into stereotypical gender roles and to attempt to change social policy to improve the position of women within the family.
Postmodern Feminists - This type of feminism is associated with third wave feminists. It acknowledges the diversity amongst women and encourages individual women to find feminist ideas that combine with their own experiences of life to create a brand of
feminism suitable for them.
2) Which category would Judith Butler fit into? What about Angela McRobbie? Laura Bates and Everyday Sexism? Explain your answers.
Butler - Liberal Feminist
McRobbie - Postmodern Feminist
Bates - Radical Feminist
3) What was the difference between suffragists and suffragettes? Which approach do you agree with?
Suffragettes are a group of people who fought for the rights of women and did so using physical means whereas the suffragists did this peacefully. I agree with the Suffragists as a peaceful protest is the way to get your point across without the use of violence causing anyone to get hurt.
4) What was Laura Mulvey's argument regarding Hollywood film? Do you agree with it? Why?
Mulvey argues that women are objectified in films and when the camera is positioned on a women it is as if it's from a males perspective and this is what the male gaze is.
5) Watch this YouTube video extract on Jean Kilbourne's Killing Us Softly series and list five examples she gives of the media objectifying women:
"its about how you look in you jeans"
"Honey, your antiperspirant spray just doesn't do it" - antiperspirant product
"My boyfriend said he loved me for my mind, I was never so insulted in my life"
6) What is Killbourne's argument regarding the representation of women in advertising?
Kilbourne argues that women are striving for perfection and that when they can't achieve this they are told as being normal. This is seen in Jessica Albas picture where the size of her waist was reduced but the size of her breasts were kept the same.
7) What is Naomi Wolf's argument in The Beauty Myth?
Wolf claims that the notion of ‘beauty’ is entirely socially constructed and patriarchal. This means that it is men who create what is beautiful in a women and how they should be represented in the media. Even though women have gained more equality men still oppress women.
8) Why is the representation of women in music videos a controversial topic for feminists?
This is seen as controversial as women are presented sexually which reinforces the male gaze and this could oppress women's roles in society and also in some music videos they are seen to carry stereotypical domestic roles which are in the household.
9) What is your view of female artists such as Nicki Minaj or Beyonce - do they empower women or reinforce sexist, patriarchal views?
I think that they both empower women as they use their sexuality and show the strength around it rather than reinforcing the negative roles that women are seen to do. This is also seen with the position that both artists are at in the industry that they're in as they're at the top which shows them opposing the view of women being empowered.
10) Has new and digital media given women an opportunity to challenge sexist views or is it simply another media platform for women to be oppressed? Explain your view.
I think that it is now easier for women to fight back against sexiest views that women receive as people now have more knowledge about the issues surrounding this debate. However, there will be cases where people are posting things which are set to oppress women and this could potentially shape someones ideology who is vulnerable to think in a certain way.
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